A new era is dawning for equestrian helmets.
Virginia Tech’s Helmet Lab is close to announcing a star system that would rate riding helmet safety. The lab’s work began with football helmets but has now expanded to youth football, flag football, hockey, cycling, soccer, and snow sport.
Equestrian will be the newest addition, as the research is in its final phase. The test methods began with video analysis of 100 equestrian falls, followed by laboratory system comparison, on-site field testing and impactor surface comparison on both dirt and sand surfaces—the “extremes” of hard and soft footing. The last phase is in process and involves the final calculations of STAR values (Summation of Tests for the Analysis of Risk) and the publication of star ratings.
“We’ll often throw a football helmet in there. A football helmet is the most advanced and optimized helmet. We’ll also evaluate a ‘bare’ or no helmet situation to show what the helmet is doing (helping with),” Dr. Stefan Duma of the lab explained.
“If an equestrian helmet is producing similar numbers to a [highly rated] football helmet, it probably doesn’t need improvement.”
At an Equestrian Symposium held last week in Blacksburg, Va., those involved with the lab educated a group of equestrian stakeholders on the progress of their equestrian helmet research. The Helmet Lab began its study nearly four years ago, but the project was brought to fruition with support from the U.S. Equestrian Federation, the U.S. Hunter Jumper Association, the U.S. Eventing Association and Jacqueline Mars, a great supporter of eventing. The group raised more than $425,000 in research funds in December 2020.
“With the same impact, there can be very different biomechanical responses between helmets. We felt a responsibility that everyone should have this information,” said Dr. Steve Rowson, Helmet Lab director.
“Not all helmets are the same just because they meet a [pass/fail] standard. That’s true for skull damage, but not concussions.”
In 2003, Virginia Tech placed the first sensors inside football helmets to measure head acceleration data that could characterize concussions. Nearly two decades later, the Helmet Lab is on the cusp of adding equestrian sport to its arsenal of public safety information on helmet use and unveiling its STAR ratings system for helmets.
The STAR ratings for equestrian helmets are designed to complement existing helmet certifications and fill in the gaps relating to concussion risks. The information, set to be released by the end of the year, will allow the public to search helmets by certification type, helmet type, brand, and more to make more informed choices on the helmets they wear and purchase, as well as educate manufacturers on how to improve the safety of their helmets.
“The equestrian space has one of the noisier standard spaces, which makes it complicated for a manufacturer,” Dr. Duma said.
The Helmet Lab evaluated 26 helmet models and 104 helmets in 312 tests, quantifying elements like actual drop height (where a rider is positioned when parting ways with a horse), what body parts are impacted when falling, liner and rotational impacts, and surface, among other factors.
The STAR value is the theoretical number of concussions someone would sustain if their on-field exposure matched the laboratory impacts and is calculated by multiplying exposure (as a function of impact location and velocity) and concussion risk (as a function of linear and rotational headform acceleration). The ratings correlate with real world injury rates; the lower the STAR value, the better the star rating (one to five stars, with five stars being the highest-rated helmets).
“It’s similar to a new car assessment program. We took a system that works and translated it to the sports world,” Dr. Rowson said.
“Football is a multiple head impact sport,” he added. “In equestrian, exposures are very different, and we have much lower numbers.”